Python Programming (May 2022)
Python Programming (May 2022)
Scratchpad #3
# # Currency Convert
# # print("Amount of USD you want to convert")
# usd = input("Amount of USD you want to convert: ")
# inr = float(usd) * 75.43
# inr = round(inr, 2)
# print(f"USD {usd} is equal to Rs. {inr}")
# # -----------------
# city = input("Enter your city: ")
# # city = city.lower()
# if city == "bejing":
# print("You are not welcome")
# elif city == "mumbai":
# print("You are always welcome")
# elif city == "delhi":
# print("Nahi aana hai!")
# else:
# print("You are also welcome")
# ---------------------------------------
# city = "askdmkdsa"
# if city:
# print(f"{city} is a great place")
# else:
# print("Please enter something")
# loggedInUser = ""
# if loggedInUser:
# print("Welcome")
# else:
# print("Please log in")
# -------------------
# age = int(input("Please enter your age: "))
# if age >= 65:
# print("Drink are free!")
# elif age >= 21:
# print("You are allowed to enter and drink")
# elif age >= 18:
# print("You can enter, but you cannot drink")
# else:
# print("Entry denied!")
# if age >= 18 and age < 21:
# print("You can enter, but you cannot drink")
# elif age >= 21 and age < 65:
# print("You are allowed to enter and drink")
# elif age >= 65:
# print("Drink are free!")
# else:
# print("Entry denied!")
isLoggedIn = False
user_role = "moderator"
if isLoggedIn:
if user_role == "admin":
print("You have access to everything")
else:
print("You can access fewer things")
else:
print("Please log in first")
Scratchpad #4
# for char in "hello":
# print(char)
# for num in range(0, 1000):
# print(num)
# print(f"{num}: Hello World")
# for num in range(1, 11):
# print(num)
# print("Goodbye World")
# for char in "Hello World":
# print(char)
# for num in range(14, 0):
# print(num)
# for num in range(0, 10, 3):
# print(num)
# for num in range(11, 0, -2):
# print(num)
# for num in range(0, 10, 2):
# print(num)
# for num in range(1, 21):
# if num == 5 or num == 16:
# print(f"{num} - FizzBuzz")
# elif num % 2 == 0:
# print(f"{num} - Fizz is even")
# elif num % 2 != 0:
# print(f"{num} - Fizz is odd")
# password = input("Please enter your password: ")
# while password != "helloworld":
# print("ACCESS DENIED!")
# password = input("Please enter your password again: ")
# while password == "helloworld":
# if password == "helloworld":
# print("Welcome")
# elif password != "helloworld":
# print("Access Denined")
# print("Welcome")
# while password != "helloworld":
# print("ACCESS DENIED!")
# password = input("Please enter your password again: ")
# for num in range(0, 10):
# print(num)
# count = 0
# while count < 11:
# print(count)
# count += 1
# count = 3
# password = input("Please enter your password: ")
# while True:
# if count < 1:
# print("All your chances are over! Bhag ja!")
# break
# if password == "helloworld":
# break
# print("ACCESS DENIED")
# print(f"{count} chances remaining")
# password = input("Please enter your password again: ")
# count -= 1
# -----------------------------
player1 = input("Enter player1's choice: ")
player2 = input("Enter player2's choice: ")
if (
(player1 == "rock" and player2 == "scissors")
or (player1 == "paper" and player2 == "rock")
or (player1 == "scissors" and player2 == "paper")
):
print("Player 1 wins")
elif (
(player2 == "rock" and player1 == "scissors")
or (player2 == "paper" and player1 == "rock")
or (player2 == "scissors" and player1 == "paper")
):
print("Player 2 wins")
elif player1 == player2:
print("It's a tie")
else:
print("Something went wrong")
Scratchpad #5
# todo = []
# while True:
# task = input("Add task to list. (q to quit) ")
# if task == "":
# print("Please enter a valid task")
# elif task == "q":
# break
# else:
# todo.append(task)
# print(f"You have {len(todo)} tasks in your list.")
# print("Your TODOs are as follows: ")
# for task in todo:
# print("- " + task)
# # print(todo)
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
count = 0
while count < len(numbers):
print(numbers[count])
count += 1
for num in numbers:
print(num)
# rahul@rstforum.co.in
Scratchpad #6
# numbers = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]
# # numbers
# # None
# # print("Hello World")
# # print(10000)
# numbers[1][1] + 10
# numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
# # numbers2 = []
# # for num in numbers:
# # numbers2.append(num / 2)
# # numbers3 = [num / 3 for num in numbers]
# # print(numbers2)
# # print(numbers3)
# numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4.5, 5.3, 6]
# n2 = [n * 2 for n in numbers]
# print(n2)
nested_list = [
[[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]],
[[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]],
[[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]],
]
# for lst in nested_list:
# for num in lst:
# print(num)
Scratchpad #7
product = ["iPhone 13", "Apple", "Some description...", 100000, 500, True]
# products = [
# ["iPhone 13", "Apple", "Some description...", 100000, 500, True],
# ["iPhone 13", "Apple", "Some description...", 100000, 500, True],
# ["iPhone 13", "Apple", "Some description...", 500, 100000, True],
# ]
# product[0]
# product[1]
# product = {
# 2: "Apple",
# 5: 100000,
# 4: 500,
# 1: "Some description...",
# 3: "iPhone 13",
# 0: "Hello",
# }
# product2 = ["Hello", "Some description...", "Apple", "iPhone 13", 500, 100000]
# print(product2[0])
# print(product[0])
# product[3]
# print(product["name"])
# print(product[0])
# print(product2[0])
# profile1 = {
# "name": "John Doe",
# "age": 20,
# }
# profile2 = dict(name="John Doe", age=20)
# print(profile1)
# print(profile2)
# book = {
# "name": "The theory of everything",
# "author": "Stephen Hawking",
# "pages": 140,
# "language": "English",
# "in_stock": True,
# 73: 1001001,
# }
# print(book["author"])
# print(book["author"])
# print(book["description"])
# for key in book:
# print(book[key])
# for value in book.values():
# print(value)
# for item in book.items():
# print(item[0])
# print(item[1])
# for key, value in book.items():
# print(key, value)
song = {
"name": "Parabola",
"artist": "Tool",
"album": "Lateralus",
"released": 2001,
"genres": ["Progressive/Art Rock", "Progressive metal"],
}
# >>> song = {
# ... "name": "Parabola",
# ... "artist": "Tool",
# ... "album": "Lateralus",
# ... "released": 2001,
# ... "genres": ["Progressive/Art Rock", "Progressive metal"],
# ... }
# >>>
# >>> song
# {'name': 'Parabola', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': 'Lateralus', 'released': 2001, 'genres': ['Progressive/Art Rock', 'Progressive metal']}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> "Tool" in song
# False
# >>>
# >>> "Tool" in song.keys()
# False
# >>>
# >>> "Tool" in song.keys()
# False
# >>>
# >>> "Tool" in song.values()
# True
# >>>
# >>> "artist" in song.keys()
# True
# >>>
# >>> "artist" in song
# True
# >>>
# >>> song
# {'name': 'Parabola', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': 'Lateralus', 'released': 2001, 'genres': ['Progressive/Art Rock', 'Progressive metal']}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> x = {"a": "1", "b": "2", "c": "3"}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> x
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> x.clear()
# >>>
# >>> x
# {}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> x = {"a": "1", "b": "2", "c": "3"}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> y = x
# >>>
# >>> y
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>> x
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>> x.clear()
# >>>
# >>> y
# {}
# >>> x = {"a": "1", "b": "2", "c": "3"}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> y = x.copy()
# >>> y
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>> x
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>> x.clear()
# >>> x
# {}
# >>> y
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>> x
# {}
# >>>
# >>> x = {"a": "1", "b": "2", "c": "3"}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> x
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>>
# >>> y = x
# >>>
# >>> y
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>> x
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>>
# >>> x is y
# True
# >>> y = x.copy()
# >>>
# >>> y
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>> x
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>> y is x
# False
# >>> x is y
# False
# >>> x == y
# True
# >>> y = x
# >>> x == y
# True
# >>> x is y
# True
# >>> x
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>> y
# {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> {}.fromkeys("hello", True)
# {'h': True, 'e': True, 'l': True, 'o': True}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> {}.fromkeys(["name", "age", "address", "phone"], None)
# {'name': None, 'age': None, 'address': None, 'phone': None}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> {}.fromkeys(True, None)
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
# TypeError: 'bool' object is not iterable
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> {}.fromkeys(["name", "age"], None)
# {'name': None, 'age': None}
# >>>
# >>> {}.fromkeys("abcd", None)
# {'a': None, 'b': None, 'c': None, 'd': None}
# >>>
# >>> {}.fromkeys(100, None)
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
# TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> {}
# {}
# >>>
# >>> type({})
# <class 'dict'>
# >>>
# >>> {"name": "John Doe"}
# {'name': 'John Doe'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song = {
# ... "name": "Sober",
# ... "artist": "Tool",
# ... "album": "Undertow",
# ... }
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song
# {'name': 'Sober', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': 'Undertow'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song["name"]
# 'Sober'
# >>>
# >>> song["artist"]
# 'Tool'
# >>>
# >>> song["length"]
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
# KeyError: 'length'
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song
# {'name': 'Sober', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': 'Undertow'}
# >>>
# >>> song.get("name")
# 'Sober'
# >>> song.get("artist")
# 'Tool'
# >>> song.get("length")
# >>>
# >>> result = song.get("length")
# >>>
# >>> result
# >>> print(result)
# None
# >>>
# >>> song
# {'name': 'Sober', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': 'Undertow'}
# >>>
# >>> song["name"]
# 'Sober'
# >>>
# >>> song.get("name")
# 'Sober'
# >>> song["hello"]
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
# KeyError: 'hello'
# >>> song.get("hello")
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song = {
# ... "name": "Vicarious",
# ... "album": "10,000 Days"
# ... }
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song.pop()
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
# TypeError: pop expected at least 1 argument, got 0
# >>>
# >>> song.pop("name")
# 'Vicarious'
# >>>
# >>> song
# {'album': '10,000 Days'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song = {
# ... "name": "Vicarious",
# ... "album": "10,000 Days"
# ... }
# >>>
# >>> song
# {'name': 'Vicarious', 'album': '10,000 Days'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song.pop("hello")
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
# KeyError: 'hello'
# >>>
# >>> song.pop("name")
# 'Vicarious'
# >>> song
# {'album': '10,000 Days'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song = {
# ... "name": "The Pot",
# ... "artist": "Tool",
# ... "album": "10,000 Days"
# ... }
# >>>
# >>> song
# {'name': 'The Pot', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': '10,000 Days'}
# >>>
# >>> song.popItem()
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
# AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'popItem'. Did you mean: 'popitem'?
# >>> song.popItem()
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
# AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'popItem'. Did you mean: 'popitem'?
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song.popitem()
# ('album', '10,000 Days')
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song.popitem("artist")
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
# TypeError: dict.popitem() takes no arguments (1 given)
# >>>
# >>> song = {'name': 'The Pot', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': '10,000 Days'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song
# {'name': 'The Pot', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': '10,000 Days'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song2 = {}
# >>>
# >>> song
# {'name': 'The Pot', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': '10,000 Days'}
# >>> song2
# {}
# >>> song2.update(song)
# >>>
# >>> song2
# {'name': 'The Pot', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': '10,000 Days'}
# >>>
# >>> song2["name"]
# 'The Pot'
# >>>
# >>> song2["name"] = "Sober"
# >>>
# >>> song2
# {'name': 'Sober', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': '10,000 Days'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song2.update({"length": 2.45})
# >>>
# >>> song2
# {'name': 'Sober', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': '10,000 Days', 'length': 2.45}
# >>>
# >>> song2["name"] = "Hello"
# >>>
# >>> song2
# {'name': 'Hello', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': '10,000 Days', 'length': 2.45}
# >>>
# >>> song2.update({"name": "World"})
# >>> song2
# {'name': 'World', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': '10,000 Days', 'length': 2.45}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song2.update({"name": "Sober", "album": "Something"})
# >>>
# >>> song2
# {'name': 'Sober', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': 'Something', 'length': 2.45}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song
# {'name': 'The Pot', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': '10,000 Days'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> {key for key in song}
# {'album', 'artist', 'name'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> {key:True for key in song}
# {'name': True, 'artist': True, 'album': True}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> {key:value for key,value in song.items()}
# {'name': 'The Pot', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': '10,000 Days'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> song
# {'name': 'The Pot', 'artist': 'Tool', 'album': '10,000 Days'}
# >>>
# >>> {key:value.upper() for key,value in song.items()}
# {'name': 'THE POT', 'artist': 'TOOL', 'album': '10,000 DAYS'}
# >>> {key.upper():value.upper() for key,value in song.items()}
# {'NAME': 'THE POT', 'ARTIST': 'TOOL', 'ALBUM': '10,000 DAYS'}
# >>>
# >>>
# >>>
# >>> {num:True for num in range(10)}
# {0: True, 1: True, 2: True, 3: True, 4: True, 5: True, 6: True, 7: True, 8: True, 9: True}
# >>>
# >>> {num:num for num in range(10)}
# {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3, 4: 4, 5: 5, 6: 6, 7: 7, 8: 8, 9: 9}
# >>>
# >>> {num:num*2 for num in range(10)}
# {0: 0, 1: 2, 2: 4, 3: 6, 4: 8, 5: 10, 6: 12, 7: 14, 8: 16, 9: 18}
# >>> {num:num**2 for num in range(10)}
# {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25, 6: 36, 7: 49, 8: 64, 9: 81}
# >>>
Scratchpad #8
# def hello():
# print("Hello World")
# print("Hello World")
# hello()
# def greet():
# print("TEST")
# return "Hello John"
# message = greet()
# print(greet())
# print(greet())
# print(message)
import random
# def flip_coin():
# if random.random() > 0.5:
# return "HEADS"
# else:
# return "TAILS"
# print(flip_coin())
# print(flip_coin())
# print(flip_coin())
# def greet(person): # parameter
# return f"Hello, {person}"
# print(greet("James")) # argument
# print(greet("John"))
# def greet(person, message): # parameter
# return f"{message}, {person}"
# print(greet("James", "Hello"))
# def add(a, b):
# return a + b
# print(add(10, 5.4))
# def sum_odd_nums(nums):
# total = 0
# for num in nums:
# if num % 2 == 1:
# total += num
# return total
# print(sum_odd_nums([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))
# def is_odd_num(num):
# if num % 2 == 0:
# return False
# return True
# print(is_odd_num(2))
# def greet(message, name="John"):
# return f"{message.upper()}, {name}"
# print(greet("John Doe", "hi"))
# print(greet("James"))
# def add(a, b):
# return a + b
# def sub(a, b):
# return a - b
# def math(a, b, fn=add):
# return fn(a, b)
# print(math(10, 50))
# def full_name(first_name="A", last_name="B"):
# return f"{first_name} {last_name}"
# print(full_name("john", "doe"))
# print(full_name(last_name="doe", first_name="john"))
# print(full_name())
# name = "James Smith"
# def greet():
# name = "John Doe"
# print(name)
# print(name)
# greet()
# total = 50 # global scope
# def math(a, b):
# total = 10 # local scope
# print(a + b + total)
# math(10, 20)
# total = 0
# def static():
# global total
# total += 1
# return total
# def increment(num):
# num += 1
# return num
# total = increment(total)
# print(static()) # 0
# print(total)
# def outer():
# count = 0
# def inner():
# nonlocal count
# count += 1
# return count
# return inner()
def greet(message, name):
"""
This function takes a message and a name.
It concatenates it and upper-cases it and return the value
## Example
greet("Hi", "John")
@params
message: str
name: str
"""
return f"{message}, {name}".upper()
# print(greet("Hi", "John"))
# print(greet.__doc__)
# print(help(greet))
# import random
Scratchpad #9
# def add(*nums):
# total = 0
# for num in nums:
# total += num
# return total
# print(add(
# 10,
# 5,
# 10,
# 4,
# ))
# def add(special_num, *nums):
# print(nums, special_num)
# add(20, 1, 12, 12)
# def profile(**kwargs):
# print(kwargs)
# profile(name="John Doe", age=20, profession="Programmer")
# def show_info(a, b, *args, role="moderator", **kwargs):
# return [a, b, args, role, kwargs]
# print(
# show_info(1,
# 2,
# 3,
# 4,
# True,
# role="programmer",
# first_name="John",
# last_name="Doe"))
# def add_all_values(*args):
# total = 0
# for num in args:
# total += num
# print(total)
# # Array / List
# nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
# add_all_values(*nums)
# def say_name(first, last):
# print(f"My name is {first} {last}.")
# data = {"first": "John", "last": "Doe"}
# say_name(**data)
# def square(num):
# return num * num
# cube = lambda num: num * num * num
# print(cube(10))
# something = 10
# something = square
# print(something(2))
# def math(a, b, fn):
# return fn(a, b)
# print(math(10, 2, lambda a, b: a + b))
# print(math(10, 2, lambda a, b: a - b))
# add = lambda a, b, c: a + b + c
# def add(a, b):
# return a + b
# def sub(a, b):
# return a - b
# math(10, 2, sub)
# print(math(10, 10, add))
# nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
# doubles = map(lambda num: num * 2, nums)
# doubles2 = [num * 2 for num in nums]
# # print(list(doubles))
# # print(doubles2)
# for num in doubles:
# print(num)
# nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
# evens = filter(lambda num: num % 2 == 0, nums)
# print(list(evens))
# even_doubles = map(lambda num: num * 2, filter(lambda num: num % 2 == 0, nums))
# print(list(even_doubles))
# data = [
# {
# "name": "Product #1",
# "price": 1000
# },
# {
# "name": "Product #2",
# "price": 2000
# },
# {
# "name": "Product #3",
# "price": 4000
# },
# {
# "name": "Product #4",
# "price": 5000
# },
# {
# "name": "Product #5",
# "price": 10000
# },
# ]
# filtered_data = filter(lambda product: product["price"] > 4000, data)
# data_in_rupees = map(
# lambda product: {
# "name": product["name"],
# "price": product["price"] * 75
# }, filtered_data)
# print(list(data_in_rupees))
# print(all([0, 1, 2, 3]))
# nums = [2, 4, 6, 8]
# all_evens = map(lambda num: num % 2 == 0, nums)
# print(all(nums))
# people = ['John', 'Jack', 'James', 'Jason', 'Aane', 'Jacob']
# print(any(map(lambda name: name[0] == 'A', people)))
numbers = [2, 3, 7, 3, 9, 1]
sorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)
print(sorted_numbers)
print(numbers)
Scratchpad #10
# def func:
# pass
# hello = "world"
# print(hello)
# len(True)
# 10 + "10"
# lst = [1, 2, 3, 4]
# print(lst[20])
# print(int("hell
# collection = {}
# print(collection["name"])
# def add(a, b):
# if type(a) != int or type(b) != int:
# raise TypeError("Please only provide integers")
# return a + b
# print(add("10", 10))
# def colorize(text, color):
# colors = ("red", "yellow", "blue", "green")
# # raise ZeroDivisionError("akjsndkjsa")
# if type(text) is not str:
# raise TypeError("text should be a string")
# if type(color) is not str:
# raise TypeError("color should be a string")
# if color not in colors:
# raise ValueError("invalid color provided")
# # some logic
# print(f"Printed {text} in {color}")
# try:
# colorize("10", "purple")
# except Exception as error:
# print(error)
# # except (TypeError, ValueError, ZeroDivisionError) as error:
# # print(error)
# print("AFTER COLORIZE - Hello World")
# def divide(a, b):
# try:
# result = a / b
# except Exception as error:
# return error
# else:
# return result
# finally:
# print("I am going to no matter if it succeeds or it fails")
# print(divide(10, "msad"))
# class User:
# pass
# john = User() # instance of the class User
# # is a User
# jane = User()
# print(type(john))
# def Person(first_name, last_name, phone):
# return {"first_name": first_name, "last_name": last_name, "phone": phone}
class User:
def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, phone, age):
self.first_name = first_name
self.last_name = last_name
self.phone = phone
self.__age = age # name mangling
def greet(self):
print(self.first_name, self.last_name)
# def get_age(self):
# return self._age
john = User("John", "Doe", "921098321", 25)
jane = User("Jane", "Doe", "324345435", 20)
print(john._User__age)
# john.greet()
# jack = Person("Jack", "Smith", "3243243")
# print(john.first_name, john.last_name)
# print(jane.first_name, jane.last_name)
# # print(jack["first_name"], jack["last_name"])
Scratchpad #11
# # class User:
# # nationality = "Indian"
# # total_users = 0
# # total_active_users = 0
# # def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
# # self.first_name = first_name
# # self.last_name = last_name
# # self._age = age
# # self.profession = "programmer"
# # User.total_users += 1
# # def __str__(self):
# # return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}\n{self._age}"
# # def login(self):
# # print("You have logged in")
# # User.total_active_users += 1
# # def logout(self):
# # print("You have logged out")
# # User.total_active_users -= 1
# # def greet(self, message):
# # print(f"{message} {self.first_name} {self.last_name}")
# # def get_age(self):
# # print("Someone is trying to access the age")
# # return self._age
# # @classmethod
# # def get_total_user(cls):
# # return cls.total_users
# # john = User("john", "doe", 20)
# # jane = User("jane", "smith", 22)
# # print(john)
# # print(jane)
# # # john.login()
# # # john.logout()
# # # print(User.get_total_user())
# # # print(User.total_users)
# # # print(User.total_active_users)
# # # john.nationality = "Nepali"
# # # print(john.nationality)
# # # print(jane.nationality)
# # # print(User.nationality)
# # # john.greet()
# # # print(john.first_name)
# # # print(type(jane))
# # # print(john.get_age())
# # # jane.profession = "developer"
# # # print(jane.profession)
# # # print(john.profession)
# # # jane.greet("hello my name is, ")
# # # class Math:
# # # @classmethod
# # # def add(cls, a, b):
# # # return a + b
# # # @classmethod
# # # def sub(cls, a, b):
# # # return a - b
# # # @classmethod
# # # def mul(cls, a, b):
# # # return a
# # # @classmethod
# # # def square(cls, x):
# # # return x * x
# # # print(Math.square(10))
# # class User:
# # total_users = 0
# # total_active_users = 0
# # def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
# # self.first_name = first_name
# # self.last_name = last_name
# # self._age = age
# # self.role = "user"
# # User.total_users += 1
# # def login(self):
# # print("You have logged in")
# # User.total_active_users += 1
# # def logout(self):
# # print("You have logged out")
# # User.total_active_users -= 1
# # class Admin(User):
# # def login(self):
# # print("Hello Admin. You have logged in")
# # User.total_active_users += 1
# # def create_group(self, name):
# # print(f"{name} group created")
# # john = User("john", "doe", 20)
# # jane = Admin("jane", "daljit wasan", 20)
# # john.login()
# # jane.login()
# # jane.create_group("python")
# # # john.create_group("python")
# # print(Admin.total_active_users)
# class User:
# def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
# self.first_name = first_name
# self.last_name = last_name
# self._age = age
# @property
# def age(self):
# return f"{self.first_name} is {self._age} years old"
# @age.setter
# def age(self, new_age):
# self._age = new_age
# print("The age has been changed")
# # def get_age(self):
# # return self._age
# # def set_age(self, new_age):
# # self._age = new_age
# # print("Age has been modified")
# john = User("john", "doe", 20)
# john.age = 25
# print(john.age)
# # print(john.get_age())
# # john.set_age(24)
# # print(john.get_age())
# class User:
# def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
# self.first_name = first_name
# self.last_name = last_name
# self._age = age
# @property
# def age(self):
# return f"{self.first_name} is {self._age} years old"
# @age.setter
# def age(self, new_age):
# self._age = new_age
# print("The age has been changed")
# class Admin(User):
# def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, email):
# super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age)
# self.email = email
# john = Admin("john", "doe", 20, "john@rstforum.net")
# print(john.email)
# class Human:
# def __init__(self, name, age):
# self.name = name
# self.age = age
# def speak(self):
# print(f"Hello, my name is {self.name}")
# def work(self):
# print("I am working")
# class Animal:
# def __init__(self, name, age):
# self.name = name
# self.age = age
# def speak(self):
# print(f"#### #### ##### ###")
# def run(self):
# print("The thing is running")
# class Mutant(Animal, Human):
# pass
# dj = Mutant("Daljit", 16)
# dj.work()
# dj.run()
# dj.speak()
# class User:
# def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age):
# self.first_name = first_name
# self.last_name = last_name
# self._age = age
# def speak(self):
# raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses need to implement this method")
# def __len__(self):
# return self._age
# def __add__(self, other):
# if not isinstance(other, User):
# raise TypeError("This is sick!")
# return User("Unnamed", self.last_name, 0)
# def __repr__(self):
# return self.first_name
# class Admin(User):
# def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, email):
# super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age)
# self.email = email
# def speak(self):
# print(
# f"My name is {self.first_name} {self.last_name} and I am an admin."
# )
# class Moderator(User):
# def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, email):
# super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age)
# self.email = email
# def speak(self):
# print(
# f"My name is {self.first_name} {self.last_name} and I am an moderator."
# )
# class Animal:
# pass
# # john = Admin("john", "doe", 20, "john@rstforum.net")
# jane = User("Jane", "Smith", 25)
# john = User("John", "Doe", 25)
# liger = Animal()
# daljit = User("Daljit", "Wasan", 16)
# daljit + liger
# # result = john + jane
# # print(result)
# # print(isinstance(jane, Moderator))
# # jane.speak()
# # john.speak()
# # print(len(jane))
# # a = 10
# # b = 20
# # print(a + b)
# nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# name = "john"
# nums_iter = iter(nums)
# print(next(nums_iter))
# for num in nums:
# print(num)
# for char in name:
# print(char)
class Counter:
def __init__(self, start, end, step):
self.start = start
self.end = end
self.step = step
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __next__(self):
if self.start < self.end:
num = self.start
self.start += self.step
return num
else:
raise StopIteration
def __repr__(self):
return f"Counter({self.start}, {self.end})"
c = Counter(0, 10, 2)
# print(c)
# for next(num) in iter(c):
# c = iter(c)
# print(next(num))
# c_iter = iter(c)
# print(next(c_iter))
# print(next(c_iter))
# print(next(c_iter))
Scratchpad #12
# def my_map(fn, iterable):
# iterator = iter(iterable)
# while True:
# try:
# fn(next(iterator))
# except StopIteration:
# break
# my_map(lambda a: print(a**a), [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
# print(list(map(lambda a: a**a, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])))
# def count_up_to_gen(max):
# count = 1
# while count <= max:
# yield count
# count += 1
# def count_up_to_fn(max):
# result = []
# count = 1
# while count <= max:
# result.append(count)
# count += 1
# return result
# # res = count_up_to_fn(10000000000000000000000)
# res = count_up_to_gen(10000000000000000000000)
# for num in res:
# print(num)
# print(count_up_to_gen(10000000000000000000000))
# res = count_up_to_gen(10)
# for num in res:
# print(num)
# nums = (num for num in range(100))
# print(nums)
# def fib_list(max):
# nums = []
# a, b = 0, 1
# while len(nums) < max:
# nums.append(b)
# a, b = b, a + b
# return nums
# def fib_gen(max):
# a, b = 0, 1
# count = 0
# while count < max:
# a, b = b, a + b
# yield a
# count += 1
# # res = fib_list(10000)
# res2 = fib_gen(100000)
# for num in res2:
# print(num)
# Higher order function
# def math(a, b, fn):
# return fn(a, b)
# def add(a, b):
# # return a + b
# # print(math(10, 5, add))
# # print(math(10, 5, lambda a, b: a - b))
from random import choice
# def say_something():
# def words():
# w = choice(["hello", "hi", "namaste", "satsriakal", "salaam"])
# return w
# return words
# # higher order function (function factories)
# def say_something(words_list):
# def words():
# w = choice(words_list)
# return w
# return words
# a = 10
# b = say_something(["hello", "hi", "namaste", "satsriakal", "salaam"])
# print(b())
# def sum(n, func):
# total = 0
# for num in range(1, n + 1):
# total += func(num)
# return total
# def square(n):
# return n * n
# def cube(n):
# return n * n * n
# print(sum(3, square))
# print(sum(3, cube))
# def greet(person):
# def get_mood():
# mood = ["Hey", "What!", "What the heck do you want!", "Get lost!"]
# msg = choice(mood)
# return msg
# result = f"{get_mood()} {person}"
# return result
# print(greet("John"))
# import random
# def make_greet_func(person):
# def make_message():
# msg = random.choice(
# ["Hello", "What!", "What the heck do you want!", "Get lost!"])
# return f"{msg} {person}"
# return make_message
# greet_me = make_greet_func("John")
# print(greet_me())
# def greet(fn):
# def wrapper():
# # Decorator function
# def stars(fn):
# def wrapper():
# print("*" * 10)
# fn()
# print("*" * 10)
# return wrapper
# @stars # greet = stars(greet)
# def greet():
# print("Hello, My name is John")
# # greet = stars(greet)
# greet()
from functools import wraps
def make_upper_case(fn):
"""This is the doc for make_upper_case"""
@wraps(fn) # wrapper = wraps(wrapper)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
"""This is the doc for wrapper"""
return fn(*args, **kwargs).upper()
return wrapper
# @make_upper_case # say_hello = make_upper_case(say_hello)
# def say_hello(name):
# return f"Hello, {name}."
# @make_upper_case # say_message = make_upper_case(say_message)
# def say_message(name, message):
# """This is the docs for say_message"""
# return f"{message}, {name}"
# # print(say_hello("James"))
# # print(say_message("James", "Hi"))
# print(say_message.__doc__)
# def ensure_first_arg(val):
# def inner(fn):
# def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
# if args and args[0] != val:
# raise ValueError(f"First argument needs to be {val}")
# else:
# return fn(*args, **kwargs)
# return wrapper
# return inner
# @ensure_first_arg("biryani")
# def fav_food(*foods): # fav_food = inner(fav_food)
# print(foods)
# fav_food = ensure_first_arg("biryani")(fav_food)
# fav_food("biryani", "butter chicken", "tandori", "panner masala")
def enforce(*types):
def inner(fn):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
new_args = []
for a, t in zip(args, types): # [("hello", str), (5, int)]
try:
new_args.append(t(a)) # str(10)
except (ValueError, TypeError):
return "Something went wrong"
return fn(*new_args)
return wrapper
return inner
@enforce(str, int)
def announce(msg, times):
print((msg + "\n") * times)
announce(int, 5)